Robert Yoon.

Campaign signs for Virginia gubernatorial nominees Democrat Abigail Spanberger and Republican Winsome Earle-Sears are on display outside City Hall in Fairfax, Va., Friday, Oct. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Virginia on Election Day

Virginia will elect its first woman as governor as Republican Lt. Gov. Winsome Earle-Sears and Democratic U.S. Rep. Abigail Spanberger look to replace term-limited Republican Gov. Glenn Youngkin. Voters on Tuesday will also decide races for lieutenant governor, state attorney general and the state House of Delegates. Historically, the results of the Virginia gubernatorial election have been closely watched on a national level as a possible indicator of voter sentiment toward the party holding the White House.

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A Halloween display of unwanted campaign fliers sits in front of a private home in The Heights neighborhood of Jersey City, N.J, Thursday, Oct. 23, 2025. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in New Jersey on Election Day

New Jersey voters will decide a competitive race for governor Tuesday in a contest that will be viewed through the prism of national politics regardless of who wins. Also on the ballot are an open seat race for Jersey City mayor that features a former governor, and legislative races across the state for the heavily Democratic state General Assembly. New Jersey is one of two states holding an election for governor in November. Historically, the races in New Jersey and Virginia have been closely watched as possible indicators of voter sentiment toward the party holding the White House.

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A lawn sign and banner are pictured on display outside a campaign office for Detroit mayoral candidate Mary Sheffield, Saturday, Sept. 27, 2025, on Detroit's west side. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Detroit on Election Day

Detroit voters will choose a new mayor Tuesday in the city’s first open-seat mayoral race in a dozen years. City Council President Mary Sheffield and Triumph Church pastor Solomon Kinloch compete for the city’s top job after placing first and second in the Aug. 5 primary. The winner will replace outgoing three-term Mayor Mike Duggan, who is running for Michigan governor as an independent. The city faces a vastly different situation than it did when Duggan was first elected in 2013. In July of that year, it became the largest U.S. city ever to file for bankruptcy. The city now has a budget surplus, 12 years of balanced budgets and projected economic growth for the next five years. Homicides and violent crimes are down.

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FILE - A voter poses for a photo as they place their ballot in a drop box on Election Day, Nov. 5, 2024, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Washington state for the Nov. 4 election

Washington state voters will decide whether to amend their constitution to allow funds from a long-term care insurance program to be invested in the stock market. It is the only statewide contest in a Nov. 4 election that will mostly feature mayoral and other municipal races across the state. The proposed constitutional amendment will shape the future of the WA Cares Fund, which the state Legislature created in 2019 to help participants defray the costs of certain long-term care services. Washington taxpayers fund the program though a 0.58% payroll tax, which began in July 2023. As of June 30, the fund had a balance of $2.5 billion.

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A sign is posted in support of retaining Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices in the November election, in Berwyn, Pa., Wednesday, Oct. 22, 2025. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect for the Nov. 4 election in Pennsylvania

Control of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court hangs in the balance in statewide elections next week, when voters will cast ballots on judges for the state’s three highest courts. Voters across the commonwealth will also vote Nov. 4 in municipal elections, including high-profile races in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. Democratic state Supreme Court Justices Christine Donohue, Kevin Dougherty and David Wecht will appear on the ballot in a retention election, where voters will decide whether to award the sitting jurists new 10-year terms on the high court. While retention elections are often a quiet affair in Pennsylvania, this year’s campaign has been heavily shaped by party politics.

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FILE - A make-shift memorial lines Main Street following a deadly mass shooting in Maine, Nov. 3, 2023, in Lewiston, Maine. (AP Photo/Matt York, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Maine on Election Day

Maine voters will decide a pair of high-profile ballot measures addressing elections and gun violence in a statewide referendum election next week. Question 1 would make several changes to the state’s voting procedures, most notably requiring voters to present photo identification at the polls. Question 2 would implement a “red flag” law designed to prevent access to dangerous weapons by individuals deemed by a court to present a danger to themselves or others. The measures represent the latest efforts to put the two hot-button national issues directly before voters on state ballots. The election is Nov. 4.

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FILE - Incumbent Cincinnati Mayor Aftab Pureval participates in a candidate forum with Brian Frank hosted by the Cincinnati NAACP, April 15, 2025, in Cincinnati. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Cincinnati on Election Day

Cincinnati’s mayor seeks a second term against a challenger with notable family ties in a municipal election next week. Democratic Mayor Aftab Pureval is running against Republican Cory Bowman for reelection in the Democratic stronghold on Nov. 4. Bowman is a pastor, cafe owner and the half brother of Vice President JD Vance. Pureval placed first in the nonpartisan May 6 primary with about 83% of the vote. Bowman placed a distant second with about 13% of the vote, which was enough to secure a spot on Tuesday’s ballot.

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FILE - A voter places a ballot in a drop box outside the Denver Elections Division headquarters, Nov. 8, 2022, in downtown Denver. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Colorado for the Nov. 4 election

Colorado’s new free school meals program will face a key test when voters decide two statewide ballot measures that would put the program on sounder financial footing, mostly by raising taxes on high-income individuals. The outcome of the measures on Nov. 4 will determine whether the “Healthy School Meals for All” program will continue to provide free breakfast and lunch for all Colorado public school students or be scaled back significantly. If both measures pass, the meals program would have access to an additional $65 million for the remainder of the academic year and about $119 million for the following year.

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The state flag of Tennessee stands outside the office of Tennessee's 7th Congressional District in Washington, Sept. 2, 2025, which has a seat that became vacant following the resignation of Rep. Mark Green, R-Tenn. on July 20. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Tennessee’s special congressional election

More than a dozen candidates will compete for their parties’ nominations Tuesday to fill a vacant Tennessee congressional seat in the closely divided U.S. House. The winners will face off in a Dec. 2 special election to replace Republican former U.S. Rep. Mark Green, who resigned in July. The contest in the state’s reliably Republican 7th Congressional District will likely temporarily pad the House GOP’s narrow advantage in the chamber. Republican Donald Trump carried the district in the 2024 presidential contest with about 60% of the vote, compared with about 38% for Democrat Kamala Harris.

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An American flag stands outside the office of the Arizona's 7th Congressional District, which has had a vacant seat since March 13 following the death of Democratic Rep. Raúl Grijalva, in Washington, Tuesday, Sept. 2, 2025. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Arizona’s special congressional election

Voters in southern Arizona will send a new representative to Congress after Tuesday’s special election. The election is to replace the late Democratic U.S. Rep. Raúl Grijalva, who died in March of complications from cancer treatment. The winner will serve out the remaining 15 months of Grijalva’s term in the 7th Congressional District, which stretches from Yuma to Tuscon and hugs almost the entire length of Arizona’s border with Mexico. The seat will not decide control of the U.S. House. But the seat is one of two remaining Democratic vacancies that will likely chip away at Republicans’ slender majority in the chamber.

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FILE - People attend a candlelight vigil for former House Speaker Melissa Hortman and her husband Mark, who were fatally shot, at the state Capitol, June 18, 2025, in St. Paul, Minn. (AP Photo/Nikolas Liepins, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in the Minnesota House special election

Control of the Minnesota House of Representatives will once again be at stake Tuesday in a special election to replace Melissa Hortman, the former Democratic state House speaker who was slain along with her husband at their home in June. The election takes place three months after the fatal shootings. The shooting suspect faces federal and state murder charges that could result in the federal death penalty.  Republicans now hold a 67-66 edge in the state House. If Democrats hold Hortman’s seat in the heavily Democratic district, the chamber will once again be tied at 67 seats.

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Democratic state lawmakers from across the U.S. and their supporters protest outside the Massachusetts State House on Wednesday, Aug. 6, 2025 in Boston. (AP Photo/Leah Willingham)

How closely do congressional delegations reflect how people vote? Not very

At the core of the fight in Texas over redrawing the state’s congressional districts is a debate over a time-honored right spelled out in the Constitution: Every two years, “the People” get to pick someone to represent their interests in the U.S. House of Representatives. But just how closely do those choices reflect the overall political leanings of the people? In many cases, not very closely at all, although that’s not always because of partisan gerrymandering. State congressional maps often produce House delegations that are much more lopsided in favor of one party than the state’s partisan demographics might suggest.

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FILE - The Detroit skyline is seen, May 12, 2020, in Detroit. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Detroit’s mayoral primary

Detroit voters will take a key step toward choosing a new mayor in the municipal primary on Tuesday, when nine candidates will appear on the ballot in the city’s first open-seat mayoral race in a dozen years. The crowded field includes former police chief James Craig, city council member Fred Durhal, former city council president Saunteel Jenkins, Triumph Church pastor Solomon Kinloch, attorney Todd Perkins and current city council president Mary Sheffield. The top two vote-getters in the nonpartisan primary will advance to the November general election. Incumbent Mayor Mike Duggan is running for governor of Michigan as an independent.

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A District of Columbia Board of Elections sign advertising a special election in the city's 8th Ward is pictured near the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge in southeast Washington, Wednesday, July 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Robert Yoon)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in the Washington, DC, city council special election

Voters in southeast Washington, D.C., will fill a vacant city council seat Tuesday in a special election to replace former Councilmember Trayon White, who was expelled from office in February following his 2024 arrest in a federal corruption probe. Among the candidates to replace White on the council is White himself. The election will again give residents of the district’s 8th Ward representation on the council. The city faces a $1 billion budget shortfall stemming from the Trump administration’s massive cuts to the federal workforce, a separate billion-dollar budget fight with congressional Republicans and a possible clash between the Democratic mayor and the council over a proposed stadium deal with the Washington Commanders.

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AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Arizona’s special congressional primaries

Eight candidates will go before southern Arizona voters Tuesday in special primaries to replace longtime Democratic congressman Raúl Grijalva, who died in March from complications from cancer treatment. The winners will represent their parties in a Sept. 23 special election to serve out the remaining 15 months of Grijalva’s term. The seat will not decide control of the U.S. House but could chip away at Republicans’ slender 220-212 majority in the chamber. The seat is one of three vacancies in heavily Democratic districts.

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The New York City Democratic Mayoral Primary Debate at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in the Gerald W. Lynch Theater on Thursday, June 12, 2025 in New York City. (Vincent Alban/The New York Times via AP, Pool)

AP Decision Notes: What to expect in New York’s primaries

Voters across New York state Tuesday will pick nominees in municipal primaries that include high-profile comeback bids in New York City by a former governor and a former congressman who both left office mired in scandal. Former Gov. Andrew Cuomo leads a crowded Democratic primary field for New York City mayor nearly four years after resigning amid numerous sexual harassment allegations. In New York City Council District 2, Democratic former U.S. Rep. Anthony Weiner looks to return to elected office more than a decade after multiple sexting scandals ended his congressional career and eventually landed him in federal prison.

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AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Virginia’s primaries

Virginia Democrats will settle a crowded six-way primary for lieutenant governor on Tuesday as well as a contested nomination fight for state attorney general. Meanwhile, voters across the commonwealth will choose nominees for the state House of Delegates. The winners will advance to the general election in November, when Republicans will defend their seats for the three top statewide offices, including governor, while Democrats will try to cling to their narrow majority in the state House. In Virginia in the year following a presidential election, candidates from the president’s party historically have faced strong headwinds at the ballot box.

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