CHRISTOPHER RUGABER Economics Writer.

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025, at the Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Slowdown in US hiring suggests economy still needs rate cuts, Fed’s Powell says

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell says that a sharp slowdown in hiring poses a growing risk to the U.S. economy. Powell’s comments Tuesday suggest that the Fed will likely cut its key interest rate twice more this year. Powell said in written remarks that despite the federal government shutdown cutting off official economic data, “the outlook for employment and inflation does not appear to have changed much since our September meeting,” when the Fed reduced its key rate for the first time this year.

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FILE - International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva speaks during a news conference at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) headquarters in Washington, April 25, 2025. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana, File)

IMF upgrades US growth outlook as Trump’s tariffs cause less disruption than expected

The U.S. and global economies will grow a bit more this year than previously forecast as the Trump administration’s tariffs have so far proved less disruptive than expected, the International Monetary Fund said Tuesday, though the full impact of those policies is still emerging. While the U.S. and world economies have fared better than expected, it’s too soon to say they are fully in the clear, the IMF said, as Trump has continued to make tariff threats and it can take time for changes in international trade patterns to play out.

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People shop for clothing at a Sam's Club, Wednesday, Sept. 24, 2025, in Bentonville, Ark. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)

Trump says inflation is ‘defeated’ and the Fed has cut rates, yet prices remain too high for many

Inflation has risen in three of the last four months and is slightly higher than it was a year ago. Yet you wouldn’t know it from listening to President Donald Trump or even some of the inflation fighters at the Federal Reserve who have dismissed or even downplayed inflation. That could prove risky for both the White House and the Fed while inflation is still above the Fed’s target of 2%. Surveys show that many Americans still see high prices as a major burden on their finances. And the Fed’s inflation-fighting credibility could take a hit if prices keep going up.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025, at the Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Fed minutes: Most officials supported further rate cuts as worries about jobs rose

Most members of the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate setting committee supported further reductions to its key interest rate this year, minutes from last month’s meeting showed. Still, the minutes released Wednesday underscored the deep division on the 19-person committee between those who feel that the Fed’s short-term rate is too high and weighing on the economy, and those who point to persistent inflation that remains above the central bank’s 2% target as evidence that the Fed needs to be cautious about reducing rates.

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U.S. Capitol Police officers with a K9 detector dog, patrols outside of Supreme Court, Wednesday, Sept. 24, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

Bipartisan group of top officials urges Court to reject Trump’s effort to fire Fed governor

A bipartisan group of former Federal Reserve chairs, Treasury secretaries, and top White House economists urged the Supreme Court Thursday to reject an attempt by President Donald Trump to fire Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook. In a filing with the court, the former officials argued that allowing the removal to proceed would undermine the Fed’s longtime independence from day-to-day politics and lead to higher inflation and a weaker economy. The filing from such an influential group underscores the unpredecented nature of Trump’s effort to remove Cook and the potentially far-reaching consequences for the economy if he were to succeed.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025, at the Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Powell signals Federal Reserve to move slowly on interest rate cuts

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Tuesday signaled a cautious approach to future interest rate cuts, in sharp contrast with other Fed officials who have called for a more urgent approach. In remarks in Providence, Rhode Island, Powell noted that there are risks to both of the Fed’s goals of seeking maximum employment and stable prices. His approach is in sharp contrast to some members of the Fed’s rate-setting committee who are pushing for faster cuts.

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FILE - Stephen Miran, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors, walks at the White House, June 17, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

Trump’s Federal Reserve appointee seeks steeper rate cuts

President Donald Trump’s appointee to the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors said Monday that the central bank’s key interest rate should be much lower than its current 4.1% level, staking out a position far different than his colleagues. Miran’s comments underscore the different perspective he brings to the Fed’s deliberations over interest rate policy.

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FILE - Stephen Miran, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors, walks at the White House, June 17, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

Trump appointee to Federal Reserve calls for steeper rate cuts

President Donald Trump’s appointee to the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors said Monday that the central bank’s key interest rate should be much lower than its current 4.1% level, staking out a position far different than his colleagues. Miran’s comments underscore the different perspective he brings to the Fed’s deliberations over interest rate policy.

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FILE - Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve member Lisa Cook, speaks during a conversations with leaders from organizations that include nonprofits, small businesses, manufacturing, supply chain management, the hospitality industry, and the housing and education sectors at the Federal Reserve building, Sept. 23, 2022, in Washington. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta, File)

Fed convenes meeting with a governor newly appointed by Trump and another he wants to oust

After a late-night vote and last-minute ruling, the Federal Reserve began a key meeting on interest rate policy Tuesday with both a new Trump administration appointee and an official the White House has targeted for removal. With those two in place, the Fed’s two-day meeting could be unusually contentious for an institution that typically prefers to operate by consensus. The White House said it would appeal a ruling late Monday that allowed Fed governor Lisa Cook to remain on the board despite President Donald Trump’s attempt to fire her.

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FILE - Federal Reserve Board of Governors member Lisa Cook listens during an open meeting of the Board of Governors at the Federal Reserve, June 25, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein, File)

Appeals court rejects Trump’s bid to unseat Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook ahead of rate vote

An appeals court has ruled that Lisa Cook can remain a Federal Reserve governor, rebuffing President Donald Trump’s efforts to remove her just ahead of a key vote on interest rates. The Trump administration is expected to quickly turn to the Supreme Court in a last-ditch bid to unseat Cook. The Fed’s next two-day meeting to consider its next interest rate move begins Tuesday morning. Cook’s lawsuit seeking to permanently block her firing must still make its way through the courts.

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Stephen Miran testifies during a Senate Banking Committee hearing on his nomination to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, on Capitol Hill Thursday, Sept. 4, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

Senate approves White House economist Stephen Miran to serve on Federal Reserve board

The Senate has approved one of President Donald Trump’s top economic advisers for a seat on the Federal Reserve’s governing board, giving the White House greater influence over the central bank just two days before it is expected to vote in favor of reducing its key interest rate. The vote to confirm Stephen Miran was largely along party lines. His nomination has sparked concerns about the Fed’s longtime independence from day-to-day politics after he said during a committee hearing earlier this month that he would keep his job as chair of the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers, though he would take unpaid leave.

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FILE- In this Feb. 5, 2018, file photo, the seal of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System is displayed in the ground at the Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)

The Fed faces economic uncertainty and political pressure as it decides whether to cut rates

The Federal Reserve is facing economic uncertainty and political pressure as it meets this week to decide whether to cut interest rates. Investors expect the Fed to reduce its benchmark interest rate by a quarter point, to about 4.1%. But it’s not even clear which Fed officials will be making the decision. The meeting will likely include embattled governor Lisa Cook unless an appeals court or the Supreme Court rules in favor of an effort by President Donald Trump to remove her from office. And it’s not yet clear whether Trump nominee Stephen Miran will be approved in time to join.

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A personal shopper gathers items to fill an online grocery order in Dallas, Thursday, Aug. 28, 2025. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Inflation likely rose last month as Trump’s sweeping tariffs boost goods prices

U.S. inflation likely ticked higher last month as the Trump administration’s import taxes lifted the price of goods, putting the Federal Reserve in a tough spot when it meets next week. The potential increases, while modest, would underscore the challenges the Fed is facing as it experiences relentless pressure from President Donald Trump to reduce its short-term interest rate to spur more borrowing and spending to boost the economy.

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Stephen Miran testifies during a Senate Banking Committee hearing on his nomination to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, on Capitol Hill Thursday, Sept. 4, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

Trump takes one step back and another forward in his attempt to reshape the Fed

President Donald Trump’s goal of appointing a majority of the Federal Reserve’s board of governors faced a setback Tuesday when a court blocked his unprecedented attempt to fire Lisa Cook. But the very next next day, his nominee to replace another Fed governor moved forward, giving him one more opportunity during his second term to reshape the Fed. Over time, Trump will almost certainly get the lower short-term interest rate he is seeking, economists say, although it’s unlikely he’ll be able to shave 3 percentage points from its current level of about 4.3%, as he has demanded, even if he gets most of the seats on the seven-member board.

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Stephen Miran testifies during a Senate Banking Committee hearing on his nomination to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, on Capitol Hill Thursday, Sept. 4, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

Senate committee approves Trump’s Fed Board nominee, raising concerns about its independence

A Senate committee is approving the nomination of White House economic adviser Stephen Miran to the Fed’s board of governors, setting up a likely approval by the full Senate, which would make Miran the third Trump appointee to the seven-member board. The White House has pushed for an expedited Senate approval of Miran, who was nominated by President Donald Trump to replace former Fed governor Adriana Kugler, who stepped down Aug. 1. The committee voted to approve Miran on partisan lines, 13-11, with all Democrats voting against confirmation Wednesday.

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FILE - Mass transit riders commute in the financial district of lower Manhattan, Tuesday, April 19, 2022, in New York. (AP Photo/John Minchillo, File)

US household income rose slightly last year, roughly matching 2019 level

The income for the typical U.S. household barely rose last year and essentially matched its 2019 peak, the Census Bureau said Tuesday, as stubbornly high inflation offset wage gains. The report also showed that the highest-earning households received healthy inflation-adjusted income increases, while middle- and lower-income households saw little gains. The figures help illustrate why many Americans have been dissatisfied with the economy: Median household incomes are essentially unchanged from five years earlier, the report showed.

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Washers stand on display near the entrance to a Costco warehouse Tuesday, July 8, 2025, in Sheridan, Colo. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)

Key US inflation gauge holds mostly steady though core inflation ticks higher

The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge mostly held steady last month despite President Donald Trump’s broad-based tariffs, but a measure of underlying inflation increased. Prices rose 2.6% in July compared with a year ago, the Commerce Department said Friday, the same annual increase as in June. The figures illustrate why many officials at the Federal Reserve have been reluctant to cut their key interest rate. While inflation is much lower than the roughly 7% peak it reached three years ago, it is still running noticeably above the Fed’s 2% target.

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Now hiring sign is displayed at a retail store in Vernon Hills, Ill., Thursday, August. 7, 2025. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh)

US applications for jobless benefits fell last week as layoffs remain low

Fewer Americans sought unemployment benefits last week as employers appear to be holding onto their workers even as the economy has slowed. Applications for unemployment benefits for the week ending Aug. 23 dropped 5,000 to 229,000, the Labor Department reported Thursday. Measures of the job market are being closely watched on Wall Street and in Washington as the most recent government data suggests hiring has slowed sharply since this spring. Job gains have averaged just 35,000 a month in the three months ending in July, barely one-quarter what they were a year ago.

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FILE- In this Feb. 5, 2018, file photo, the seal of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System is displayed in the ground at the Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)

Why the Federal Reserve has historically been independent of the White House

President Donald Trump says he is firing Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook after she was accused of mortgage fraud. It’s the latest effort by his administration to exert greater control over one of the few remaining independent agencies in Washington. Cook previously said she would not leave her post. Trump has repeatedly attacked the Fed’s chair, Jerome Powell, for not cutting its short-term interest rate, and even threatened to fire him. Firing Powell or forcing out a governor would threaten the Fed’s venerated independence, which has long been supported by most economists and Wall Street investors.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell walks outside of Jackson Lake Lodge during a break at the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium in Moran, Wyo., on Friday, Aug. 22, 2025. (AP Photo/Amber Baesler)

Fed Chair Powell faces fresh challenges to Fed independence amid potential rate cuts

Now that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has signaled that the central bank could soon cut its key interest rate, he faces a new challenge: how to do it without seeming to cave to the White House’s demands. For months, Powell has largely ignored President Donald Trump’s relentless hectoring that he reduce borrowing costs. Yet on Friday, in a highly-anticipated speech, Powell suggested that the Fed could take such a step as soon as its next meeting in September. It will be a fraught decision for the Fed, which must weigh it against persistent inflation that remains a problem and an economy that could also improve in the second half of this year. Both trends, if they occur, could make a cut look premature.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, July 30, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)

Powell to give his last Jackson Hole speech under watchful gaze of Wall Street and the White House

Both Wall Street and the White House will be paying close attention to Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s high-profile speech Friday at the Fed’s annual economic symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. It comes as mixed signals about the economy complicate the Fed’s upcoming decision on interest rates. Weak data on the job market would suggest the Fed should cut rates. But concerns that inflation could move higher in the coming months make the case for the Fed to stay its current course. President Donald Trump has frequently demanded that the Fed lower rates, adding to the drama surrounding Powell’s remarks.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, July 30, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)

Inflation or jobs: Federal Reserve officials are divided over competing concerns

Federal Reserve policymakers will be debating whether stubborn inflation or slower hiring is the bigger problem for the economy as they prepare for an annual conference in Jackson, Wyoming, next week and a crucial policy meeting in September. Weak job gains since April have led some officials to support a rate cut. Others remain more concerned about sticky inflation. That could make the Fed’s ultimate move at its September 16-17 meeting a close call. There will be another jobs report and another inflation report before then, and both will likely heavily influence the decision of whether to cut or not.

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President Donald Trump speaks with reporters in the James Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House, Monday, Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

Trump nominates conservative economist to head agency that compiles jobs, inflation data

President Donald Trump has nominated E.J. Antoni, chief economist at the conservative Heritage Foundation, to head the agency that compiles and publishes the nation’s employment and inflation figures. Antoni, if approved by the Senate, would replace Erika McEntarfer, who was appointed commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics by former President Joe Biden. Trump fired McEntarfer Aug. 1 after the July jobs report showed hiring slowed sharply this spring, with job gains in May and June revised much lower than initially estimated. Trump accused McEntarfer, without evidence, of rigging the jobs data for political reasons.

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FILE- A sign announces hiring, July 15, 2025, in Richardson, Texas. (AP Photo/LM Otero, File)

Trump says he doesn’t trust the jobs data, but Wall Street and economists do

The monthly jobs report is already closely-watched on Wall Street and in Washington but has taken on a new importance after President Donald Trump on Friday fired the official who oversees it. Trump claimed that June’s employment figures were “RIGGED” to make him and other Republicans “look bad” yet provided no evidence. The firing of the Bureau of Labor Statistics director followed Friday’s jobs report that showed hiring was weak in July and had come to nearly a standstill in May and June. Economists and Wall Street investors have long considered the job figures reliable. Friday’s revisions were unusually large, and the surveys used to compile the report are facing challenges from declining response rates. But that hasn’t led most economists to doubt them.

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FILE - Adriana Kugler of Maryland, speaks during the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee hearing to examine her nomination to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, June 21, 2023, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib, File)

Federal Reserve Governor Kugler steps down, giving Trump slot to fill

Federal Reserve governor Adriana Kugler announced that she will step down next Friday, opening up a spot on the central bank’s powerful board that President Donald Trump will be able to fill. Kugler, who did not participate in the Fed’s policy meeting earlier this week, would have completed her term in January. Instead, she will retire Aug. 8. In her resignation letter, she did not provide a reason for stepping down.

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President Donald Trump, left, speaks with Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell during a visit to the Federal Reserve, Thursday, July 24, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Federal Reserve likely to stand pat on rates this week, deepening the gulf between Powell and Trump

The Federal Reserve is expected to leave its short-term interest rate unchanged on Wednesday for the fifth straight meeting, a move that will likely underscore the deep divide between how Chair Jerome Powell and President Donald Trump see the economy. The Fed itself is increasingly divided over its next steps, and many economists expect that two members of the Fed’s governing board could dissent on Wednesday in favor of cutting rates. Trump says that because the U.S. economy is doing well, the Fed should cut rates but Fed officials, and most economists, say a solid economy means rates should be relatively high to prevent overheating and a burst of inflation.

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Sen. Tim Scott, R-S.C., from foreground left, President Donald Trump and Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell visit the Federal Reserve, joined by Russell Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, in background third from right, Thursday, July 24, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Trading a suit for boots and a hard hat: Behind the scenes at the Federal Reserve, mid-renovation

On Thursday, staff at the Federal Reserve led a small group of journalists, photographers and television cameras on an extensive tour of the large, active construction site that comprises two 1930s-era buildings. The renovation began in 2022, and the Fed hopes to complete it in the fall of 2027. It is a $2.5 billion overhaul. By providing journalists — and, by extension, the public — such extensive access, the Fed clearly hopes greater transparency will help beat back the White House’s criticism. Trump toured the same site several hours after the reporters, then downplayed his threats to fire the Fed chair.

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FILE - Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson, File)

Trump’s attacks on Powell threaten the Fed’s independence. Here’s why it matters

President Donald Trump has opened up a new front in his attack on the Federal Reserve and its chair, Jerome Powell: He says the alledged mismanagement of a building renovation project could be grounds for firing Powell. Such an unprecedented step could send the financial markets into a tailspin and over time push up interest rates and weaken the U.S. economy. If investors start to worry the Fed is no longer independent, fewer may buy U.S. bonds, which would push up the interest rate on those bonds and lift borrowing costs more broadly.

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FILE - Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson, File)

Federal Reserve says building renovation complies with law, defends costs

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Thursday said the agency’s renovation of its office complex in Washington complies with plans approved by a local commission, disputing a White House suggestion that they had violated the law by deviating from those plans. The letter is the latest salvo in an escalating battle between the Trump administration and the Federal Reserve, an independent agency charged with fighting inflation and seeking maximum employment. President Donald Trump has for months attacked Powell and the Fed for not lowering its key interest rate, which the president says would boost borrowing and accelerate the economy.

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Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, Wednesday, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Fed’s Powell repeats warning about tariffs as some GOP senators accuse him of bias

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Wednesday that President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs will likely push up inflation in the coming months, even as some Republican senators suggested the chair was biased against the duties. On the second day of his twice-yearly testimony before House and Senate, Powell said that consumers will likely have to shoulder some of the cost of the import taxes. Most Fed officials support cutting rates this year, Powell added, but the central bank wants to take time to see how inflation changes in the months ahead.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell departs after speaking at the 75th anniversary conference of the Federal Reserve Board's International Finance Division at the Federal Reserve in Washington, Monday, June 2, 2025. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

The US economy is in a good place, but the Federal Reserve is not

The U.S. economy is mostly in good shape but that isn’t saving Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell from a spell of angst. As the Fed considers its next moves during a two-day meeting this week, most economic data looks solid: Inflation has been steadily fading, while the unemployment rate is still a historically low 4.2%. Yet President Donald Trump’s widespread tariffs may push inflation higher in the coming months, while also possibly slowing growth. With the outlook uncertain, Fed policymakers are expected to keep their key interest rate unchanged on Wednesday at about 4.4%.

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FILE - Customers wait in line for eggs at a Costco store in the Van Nuys section of Los Angeles on Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File)

Consumer sentiment rises for 1st time this year as inflation remains tame

Consumer sentiment increased in June for the first time in six months, the latest sign that Americans’ views of the economy have improved as inflation has stayed tame and the Trump administration has reached a truce in its trade fight with China. The preliminary reading of the University of Michigan’s closely watched consumer sentiment index, released Friday, jumped 16% to 60.5. The large increase followed steady drops that left the preliminary number last month at the second-lowest level in the nearly 75-year history of the survey. Consumer sentiment is still down 20% compared with December 2024.

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FILE - The entrance to the Labor Department is seen near the Capitol in Washington, May 7, 2020. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

Inflation data threatened by government hiring freeze as tariffs loom

The Labor Department has cut back on the inflation data it collects because of the Trump administration’s government hiring freeze, raising concerns among economists about the quality of the inflation figures just as they are being closely watched for the impact of tariffs. The department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, which produces the monthly consumer price index, said Wednesday that it is “reducing sample in areas across the country” and stopped collecting price data entirely in April in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Provo, Utah. It also said it has stopped collecting data this month in Buffalo, New York.

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FILE - President Donald Trump speaks to reporters in the Oval Office of the White House, Friday, May 23, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)

What is the Court of International Trade? And why can it strike down Trump’s tariffs?

A little-known federal court threw a giant monkey wrench into a foundational part of President Donald Trump’s economic agenda by striking down most of the sweeping tariffs he has imposed since taking office. The Court of International Trade typically deals with more obscure and highly-technical issues surrounding tariffs and trade policies. It handles trade-related disputes from all over the country, and as a result sits outside the standard federal court structure of district courts and appellate circuit courts.

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