CHRISTOPHER RUGABER Economics Writer.

Washers stand on display near the entrance to a Costco warehouse Tuesday, July 8, 2025, in Sheridan, Colo. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)

Key US inflation gauge holds mostly steady though core inflation ticks higher

The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge mostly held steady last month despite President Donald Trump’s broad-based tariffs, but a measure of underlying inflation increased. Prices rose 2.6% in July compared with a year ago, the Commerce Department said Friday, the same annual increase as in June. The figures illustrate why many officials at the Federal Reserve have been reluctant to cut their key interest rate. While inflation is much lower than the roughly 7% peak it reached three years ago, it is still running noticeably above the Fed’s 2% target.

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Now hiring sign is displayed at a retail store in Vernon Hills, Ill., Thursday, August. 7, 2025. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh)

US applications for jobless benefits fell last week as layoffs remain low

Fewer Americans sought unemployment benefits last week as employers appear to be holding onto their workers even as the economy has slowed. Applications for unemployment benefits for the week ending Aug. 23 dropped 5,000 to 229,000, the Labor Department reported Thursday. Measures of the job market are being closely watched on Wall Street and in Washington as the most recent government data suggests hiring has slowed sharply since this spring. Job gains have averaged just 35,000 a month in the three months ending in July, barely one-quarter what they were a year ago.

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FILE- In this Feb. 5, 2018, file photo, the seal of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System is displayed in the ground at the Marriner S. Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)

Why the Federal Reserve has historically been independent of the White House

President Donald Trump says he is firing Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook after she was accused of mortgage fraud. It’s the latest effort by his administration to exert greater control over one of the few remaining independent agencies in Washington. Cook previously said she would not leave her post. Trump has repeatedly attacked the Fed’s chair, Jerome Powell, for not cutting its short-term interest rate, and even threatened to fire him. Firing Powell or forcing out a governor would threaten the Fed’s venerated independence, which has long been supported by most economists and Wall Street investors.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell walks outside of Jackson Lake Lodge during a break at the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium in Moran, Wyo., on Friday, Aug. 22, 2025. (AP Photo/Amber Baesler)

Fed Chair Powell faces fresh challenges to Fed independence amid potential rate cuts

Now that Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has signaled that the central bank could soon cut its key interest rate, he faces a new challenge: how to do it without seeming to cave to the White House’s demands. For months, Powell has largely ignored President Donald Trump’s relentless hectoring that he reduce borrowing costs. Yet on Friday, in a highly-anticipated speech, Powell suggested that the Fed could take such a step as soon as its next meeting in September. It will be a fraught decision for the Fed, which must weigh it against persistent inflation that remains a problem and an economy that could also improve in the second half of this year. Both trends, if they occur, could make a cut look premature.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, July 30, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)

Powell to give his last Jackson Hole speech under watchful gaze of Wall Street and the White House

Both Wall Street and the White House will be paying close attention to Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s high-profile speech Friday at the Fed’s annual economic symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. It comes as mixed signals about the economy complicate the Fed’s upcoming decision on interest rates. Weak data on the job market would suggest the Fed should cut rates. But concerns that inflation could move higher in the coming months make the case for the Fed to stay its current course. President Donald Trump has frequently demanded that the Fed lower rates, adding to the drama surrounding Powell’s remarks.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, speaks during a news conference following the Federal Open Market Committee meeting, Wednesday, July 30, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)

Inflation or jobs: Federal Reserve officials are divided over competing concerns

Federal Reserve policymakers will be debating whether stubborn inflation or slower hiring is the bigger problem for the economy as they prepare for an annual conference in Jackson, Wyoming, next week and a crucial policy meeting in September. Weak job gains since April have led some officials to support a rate cut. Others remain more concerned about sticky inflation. That could make the Fed’s ultimate move at its September 16-17 meeting a close call. There will be another jobs report and another inflation report before then, and both will likely heavily influence the decision of whether to cut or not.

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President Donald Trump speaks with reporters in the James Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House, Monday, Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

Trump nominates conservative economist to head agency that compiles jobs, inflation data

President Donald Trump has nominated E.J. Antoni, chief economist at the conservative Heritage Foundation, to head the agency that compiles and publishes the nation’s employment and inflation figures. Antoni, if approved by the Senate, would replace Erika McEntarfer, who was appointed commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics by former President Joe Biden. Trump fired McEntarfer Aug. 1 after the July jobs report showed hiring slowed sharply this spring, with job gains in May and June revised much lower than initially estimated. Trump accused McEntarfer, without evidence, of rigging the jobs data for political reasons.

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FILE- A sign announces hiring, July 15, 2025, in Richardson, Texas. (AP Photo/LM Otero, File)

Trump says he doesn’t trust the jobs data, but Wall Street and economists do

The monthly jobs report is already closely-watched on Wall Street and in Washington but has taken on a new importance after President Donald Trump on Friday fired the official who oversees it. Trump claimed that June’s employment figures were “RIGGED” to make him and other Republicans “look bad” yet provided no evidence. The firing of the Bureau of Labor Statistics director followed Friday’s jobs report that showed hiring was weak in July and had come to nearly a standstill in May and June. Economists and Wall Street investors have long considered the job figures reliable. Friday’s revisions were unusually large, and the surveys used to compile the report are facing challenges from declining response rates. But that hasn’t led most economists to doubt them.

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FILE - Adriana Kugler of Maryland, speaks during the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee hearing to examine her nomination to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, June 21, 2023, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib, File)

Federal Reserve Governor Kugler steps down, giving Trump slot to fill

Federal Reserve governor Adriana Kugler announced that she will step down next Friday, opening up a spot on the central bank’s powerful board that President Donald Trump will be able to fill. Kugler, who did not participate in the Fed’s policy meeting earlier this week, would have completed her term in January. Instead, she will retire Aug. 8. In her resignation letter, she did not provide a reason for stepping down.

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President Donald Trump, left, speaks with Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell during a visit to the Federal Reserve, Thursday, July 24, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Federal Reserve likely to stand pat on rates this week, deepening the gulf between Powell and Trump

The Federal Reserve is expected to leave its short-term interest rate unchanged on Wednesday for the fifth straight meeting, a move that will likely underscore the deep divide between how Chair Jerome Powell and President Donald Trump see the economy. The Fed itself is increasingly divided over its next steps, and many economists expect that two members of the Fed’s governing board could dissent on Wednesday in favor of cutting rates. Trump says that because the U.S. economy is doing well, the Fed should cut rates but Fed officials, and most economists, say a solid economy means rates should be relatively high to prevent overheating and a burst of inflation.

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Sen. Tim Scott, R-S.C., from foreground left, President Donald Trump and Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell visit the Federal Reserve, joined by Russell Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, in background third from right, Thursday, July 24, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Trading a suit for boots and a hard hat: Behind the scenes at the Federal Reserve, mid-renovation

On Thursday, staff at the Federal Reserve led a small group of journalists, photographers and television cameras on an extensive tour of the large, active construction site that comprises two 1930s-era buildings. The renovation began in 2022, and the Fed hopes to complete it in the fall of 2027. It is a $2.5 billion overhaul. By providing journalists — and, by extension, the public — such extensive access, the Fed clearly hopes greater transparency will help beat back the White House’s criticism. Trump toured the same site several hours after the reporters, then downplayed his threats to fire the Fed chair.

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FILE - Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson, File)

Trump’s attacks on Powell threaten the Fed’s independence. Here’s why it matters

President Donald Trump has opened up a new front in his attack on the Federal Reserve and its chair, Jerome Powell: He says the alledged mismanagement of a building renovation project could be grounds for firing Powell. Such an unprecedented step could send the financial markets into a tailspin and over time push up interest rates and weaken the U.S. economy. If investors start to worry the Fed is no longer independent, fewer may buy U.S. bonds, which would push up the interest rate on those bonds and lift borrowing costs more broadly.

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FILE - Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson, File)

Federal Reserve says building renovation complies with law, defends costs

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Thursday said the agency’s renovation of its office complex in Washington complies with plans approved by a local commission, disputing a White House suggestion that they had violated the law by deviating from those plans. The letter is the latest salvo in an escalating battle between the Trump administration and the Federal Reserve, an independent agency charged with fighting inflation and seeking maximum employment. President Donald Trump has for months attacked Powell and the Fed for not lowering its key interest rate, which the president says would boost borrowing and accelerate the economy.

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Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell listens during a Senate Committee on Banking hearing, Wednesday, June 25, 2025, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Fed’s Powell repeats warning about tariffs as some GOP senators accuse him of bias

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Wednesday that President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs will likely push up inflation in the coming months, even as some Republican senators suggested the chair was biased against the duties. On the second day of his twice-yearly testimony before House and Senate, Powell said that consumers will likely have to shoulder some of the cost of the import taxes. Most Fed officials support cutting rates this year, Powell added, but the central bank wants to take time to see how inflation changes in the months ahead.

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Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell departs after speaking at the 75th anniversary conference of the Federal Reserve Board's International Finance Division at the Federal Reserve in Washington, Monday, June 2, 2025. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

The US economy is in a good place, but the Federal Reserve is not

The U.S. economy is mostly in good shape but that isn’t saving Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell from a spell of angst. As the Fed considers its next moves during a two-day meeting this week, most economic data looks solid: Inflation has been steadily fading, while the unemployment rate is still a historically low 4.2%. Yet President Donald Trump’s widespread tariffs may push inflation higher in the coming months, while also possibly slowing growth. With the outlook uncertain, Fed policymakers are expected to keep their key interest rate unchanged on Wednesday at about 4.4%.

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FILE - Customers wait in line for eggs at a Costco store in the Van Nuys section of Los Angeles on Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File)

Consumer sentiment rises for 1st time this year as inflation remains tame

Consumer sentiment increased in June for the first time in six months, the latest sign that Americans’ views of the economy have improved as inflation has stayed tame and the Trump administration has reached a truce in its trade fight with China. The preliminary reading of the University of Michigan’s closely watched consumer sentiment index, released Friday, jumped 16% to 60.5. The large increase followed steady drops that left the preliminary number last month at the second-lowest level in the nearly 75-year history of the survey. Consumer sentiment is still down 20% compared with December 2024.

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FILE - The entrance to the Labor Department is seen near the Capitol in Washington, May 7, 2020. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

Inflation data threatened by government hiring freeze as tariffs loom

The Labor Department has cut back on the inflation data it collects because of the Trump administration’s government hiring freeze, raising concerns among economists about the quality of the inflation figures just as they are being closely watched for the impact of tariffs. The department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, which produces the monthly consumer price index, said Wednesday that it is “reducing sample in areas across the country” and stopped collecting price data entirely in April in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Provo, Utah. It also said it has stopped collecting data this month in Buffalo, New York.

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FILE - President Donald Trump speaks to reporters in the Oval Office of the White House, Friday, May 23, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)

What is the Court of International Trade? And why can it strike down Trump’s tariffs?

A little-known federal court threw a giant monkey wrench into a foundational part of President Donald Trump’s economic agenda by striking down most of the sweeping tariffs he has imposed since taking office. The Court of International Trade typically deals with more obscure and highly-technical issues surrounding tariffs and trade policies. It handles trade-related disputes from all over the country, and as a result sits outside the standard federal court structure of district courts and appellate circuit courts.

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